【单元内容导引】

   本单元将学习两篇人物传记。一篇是关于著名的探险家Howard Carter的，另一篇是关于我国著名的航天员杨利伟的事迹介绍。通过对本单元内容的学习，我们要学会读懂介绍人物和地点的文章；通过听力部分的训练，能够听懂有关人物专访的具体信息和要求；能较熟练地使用英语谈论人物和地点，并能对人物进行重点介绍；能够写个人自传，采访名人并作采访报道。

【重点词汇讲解】

   1．manage vi.设法对付；努力vt. 经营；管理

   manage to do sth. : succeed in doing sth. 设法做好某事；想办法达到

   management n. 经营

   manager n. 经理

   good／bad management高明的／拙劣的经营

   Properly managed，the money can last them three months.

   如果安排得好，这些钱够他们用三个月的。

   I shall be able to manage without help.

   我一个人能行。

   I shall manage with what tools I have.

   我将用仅有的这些工具设法对付。

   The box was heavy but he managed to carry it.

   这个箱子很重，但他仍设法搬运。

   The repair is difficult but I can manage（it）．

   修理起来不容易，但我能设法修好。

   She is managing the business for her father.

   她代她的父亲做生意。

   The factory was badly managed by the manager.

   这家工厂的老板经营不善。

   2. increase v. 增加；增长；提高。反义词是decrease／reduce。

   increase to增加到……

   increase by增加了……

   The population of the town has increased by 5 percent.

   这个城市的人口增长了百分之五。

   We should meet the people’s increasing demands.

   我们应该满足人们正在增长的需求。

   They increased the size of his farm year by year.

   他们逐年扩大了他的农场的规模。

   increase by+倍数或百分数，表示“增加了……倍或多少倍”；increase to+具体的增长后的数字，表示“增加到了……”。

   Compared with last year, our coal output has increased by three times.

   与去年相比，我们的煤产量增长了三倍。

   Our coal output has increased to 6 million tons this year.

   今年，我们的煤产量增长到了600万吨。

   We have an increase in industrial and agricultural output.

   我们在工农业产量上有了增长。

   3. discourage vt. 使泄气；使失去自信

   encourage vt. 鼓励；使自信

   encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事

   discouraged adj. 泄气的

   encouraged adj. 鼓励的

   courage n. 勇气

   discourage+名词+from doing sth. = discourage sb. to do sth.

   We discouraged his attempt to go to the mountains.

   我们劝他打消爬山的念头。

   Her parents tried to discourage her from becoming a singer.

   她的父母劝她打消当歌星的念头。

   The teacher encouraged me to study abroad.

   老师鼓励我出国留学。

   At his encouraging words, I have made up my mind to learn the language well.

   听了他鼓励的话语，我决心努力学好这门语言。

   I am proud of his courage.

   我为他的勇气感到自豪。

   Don’t be discouraged.

   不要泄气啊！

   We encouraged our basketball team with loud cheers.

   我们大声欢呼激励我们的篮球队。

   4. instead of

   instead of意为“代替……，……而不……”，后接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语。例如：

   I’ll go to Wuhan instead of her.

   我将去武汉而不是她。

   The baby was smiling at me instead of crying.

   这个孩子没有哭，反而冲我笑了。

   He went there on foot instead of by bus.

   他是步行去那儿的，而不是乘车。

   注意instead of…和instead的区别。

   instead副词，一般用于句末，后面不再跟其他词，用于否定前面提到的事情；instead of…介词短语，用于否定of后面的宾语。例如：

   Mr Zhang was ill yesterday, so Miss Wei took his class instead.

   （＝Miss Wei took the class instead of Mr Zhang, because he was ill yesterday.）

   张老师生病了，所以魏老师代他上课。

   We didn't walk there. Instead we took a taxi.（=We took taxi there instead of walking.）

   我们没有步行，而是坐出租车去那儿的。

   5. control n.控制；管制 v. 控制；克制

   beyond control     无法控制；无法掌握

   in control of      在控制之下

   out of control     失去控制的

   under control      受控制的

   The teacher has no control over his students.

   那位老师管不住学生。

   Anger took away his control.

   愤怒使他无法控制情绪。

   He lost control of his car.

   他无法控制他的小汽车。

   The fire got out of control.／The fire was beyond control.

   大火失去控制。

   The floods were in control of the villagers.

   洪水在村民的控制之中。

   He can't control himself.

   他无法控制自己的情绪。

   The government controls the price of rice.

   政府管制米价。

   6. compare v. 把……和……比较

   comparison n. 比较；对照

   compare+名+with把……和……比较；比起来

   compare+名+to把……比拟为……；喻为……

   beyond compare  无比的；无双的；无可比拟的

   in (by) comparison with 与……相较

   Try on both these coats and compare them.

   把这两件外套都试穿看看，比较一下。

   I compared the English language with（to）the Chinese language.

   我把英文和汉语对照了一下。

   We compare children to the rising sun.

   我们把孩子比作正在升起的太阳。

   He made an interesting comparison between classical music and pop music.

   他在古典音乐和流行音乐之间作了有趣的比较。

   Living in the country is cheap in comparison with the big cities.

   与大都市相比之下，在乡下生活较便宜。

   Her beauty is beyond compare.

   她的美是无双的。

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