【重要短语讲解】

 1．run into跑进；流入，注入；刺入；（使）撞在……上；把……深入／敲入；偶尔碰见= knock into= come across

  run against与……相撞

  run at向……冲去；突然袭击

  run away (from)跑开，逃走

  run out of从……奔出，从……流出；用完，耗尽

  The Changjiang River runs all the way into the East Sea.

  长江一直流入东海。

  The ship ran against a rock and all people fell into the seawater.

  船撞上了礁石，船上所有人都掉进了海水中。

  The dog ran at the boy and the boy was too frightened to move even a step.

  狗冲向那男孩，那男孩吓得一步也不敢动。

  The naughty boy ran away from the school when he heard that his parents were sent for.

  当他听说父母被请来时，那个调皮的男孩从学校逃走了。

 2．show up来到；出席；露面=turn up

  on show在公开展出= on display = on exhibition

  show around带……参观

  show off炫耀，卖弄；表现自己

  show sb. in/out送……进去／出来；

  I waited for almost an hour，but she didn’t show up.

  我几乎等了一个小时她也没来。

  These pictures will be on show in our shop next week.

  这些图画下周将在我们店展出。

  On Sunday my husband will show his friends around our new house.

  星期天我丈夫将带他的朋友来看我们家的新房子。

  He is such a person as always shows off about the importance of his job.

  他是这样的人，总是夸耀自己工作的重要性。

  Would you please show this old gentleman out to the door?

  请你把这位老先生送到门口好吗?

 3．put on上演，演出；增加，增添；开灯、收音机，使运转；穿上，戴上

  put away把……收起来，放好

  put down放下；镇压；写下，记下

  put off推迟

  put out伸出，取出；关掉；熄灭，扑灭

  put up举起；建造，搭建；张贴，公布；提出；为……提供（膳宿）

  put up with容忍，忍受

  He is putting on weight for he is not picky about food.

  由于他不挑食，他一直在发胖。

  Summer is gone；let's put away the electric fans.

  夏天过去了，让我们把电风扇收起来吧。

  Never put off what you can do today till tomorrow.

  今天能做的事切不要拖到明天。

  In the hospital the doctor told me to put out my tongue.

  医生叫我伸出舌头给他看。

  Can you put me up for tonight?

  今晚你能让我过夜吗?

  The machines are working day and night outside and give out awful noise. I can hardly put up with it.

  外面的机器日夜不停地工作，发出讨厌的噪音，我几乎无法忍受这些声音。

 4．look into朝里面看；调查，观察；浏览

  look about环顾四周

  look after照顾，照料

  look as if看起来好像

  look at看

  look back向后看；回顾

  look for寻找

  look down upon蔑视，瞧不起

  look forward to盼望，期待

  look like看起来像……   

  look out向外面看；当心，注意

  look through浏览；仔细查阅

  look up查阅；向上看

  I saw Mary looking into a shop window.

  我看到玛丽朝橱窗里看。

  It looks as if he will win the 1500-meter race.

  看起来他可能要获得1500米赛跑的冠军。

  Try it on. Let’s see what it looks like on you.

  穿上试试，我们来看看它穿在你身上是什么样子。

  The days are gone when women are looked down upon.

  妇女被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。

  I shall look out that I don’t trust him again.

  我将提高警惕，不再信任他。

  He looked around but saw nothing.

  他环顾四周，但什么也没看到。

  The young man is anxiously looking forward to a reply from his girl friend.

  那个年轻人焦急地盼望着他女朋友的回信。

  Every morning my father will look through the paper for something interesting to read.

  每天早上我爸爸都要浏览一下报纸，找些有趣的来看看。

  He looked up at the sky，and saw many birds flying to the south.

  他抬头看天上，看到许多鸟正向南飞去。

 5．make up捏造，虚构；补充，弥补；配制；包扎，包装；组成，构成；化装

  make it做到，成功

  make out看出，辨认出

  make a difference有影响，有差异

  make a face做鬼脸

  make fun of取笑

  make out of用……制成；把……培养成

  make the most of充分利用

  make use of利用

  make up for补偿，弥补

  The story was partly true and partly made up.

  这个故事有一部分是真实的，一部分是杜撰的。

  Tell him I want to see him tonight，at my house if he can make it.  

  告诉他今晚我要见他，行的话就在我家。

  It was difficult to make out what was said over the loudspeaker in the square.

  很难听清广场上的扩音喇叭里在说些什么。

  Do you think her beauty can make up for her stupidity?

  你认为她的美貌能补偿她的愚蠢吗？

  It’s not necessary to be a scientist to make a difference in the world.

  没有必要非要做个科学家在世界上有所作为。

  It’s bad manners to make fun of those disabled.

  嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的行为。

  Every weekend she makes herself up and goes dancing with her friends.

  每个周末她都会打扮一下，和朋友们去跳舞。

 6．pick up拿起，捡起；（偶尔）获得；找到，买到；（停下来）把人或东西接走；搭乘（车、船）

  pick out 挑选出；辨认出，分辨出

  pick at扯拉，抓弄；吃一点点；无食欲地吃；找……的岔子

  While I stayed in one of my friends’ house in France，I picked up some French.

  我在法国的一位朋友家逗留时，学了一点法语。

  You can use a short-wave radio to pick up English programmes in order to improve your listening.

  为了提高你的听力水平，你可以用短波收音机来收听英语节目。

  He said he would pick me up at the gate of the hospital，so I must wait for him.

  他说他将开车到医院门口来接我，所以我得等他。

  He picked himself up and walked on with weak knees.

  他爬起来，双膝无力地往前走。

  I have picked out the bad potatoes from the basket.

  我把烂土豆从筐子里挑了出来。

  The birds picked at the bread crumbs.

  鸟啄食面包屑。

 7．take turns to do sth.轮流做某事

  （at/ in/ on）doing sth.

  by turns轮流地，交替地

  in turn依次地，轮流地

  out of turn未按适当顺序；不合时宜；不看场合

  They take turns to look after their sick father in the hospital.

  他们轮流照顾生病住院的父亲。

  During the summer holidays，the teachers were on duty by turns.

  暑假期间，老师们轮流值班。

  For years，he struggled in turn as a wrapper，an agent and an accountant.

  他奋斗多年，先后当过包装工、代理商和会计。

  No one likes him because he always talks out of turn.

  没有人喜欢他，因为他讲话总是不看场合。

 8．break off中止，中断；折断

  break out爆发

  break away from脱离，摆脱，打破……的束缚

  break in打断

  break into破门而入

  break through冲破，突围

  break up打碎，粉碎；被分解

  break down出故障

  She broke off in the middle of a –sentence at the sound of a couple of shots.

  听到几声枪响，她没等一句话讲完就突然停住了。

  The fire must have broken out after the staff had gone home.

  这场火一定是在工作人员回家后烧起来的。

  We are sorry to arrive late，but the car broke down halfway.

  对不起我们来晚了，我们的车在半路上坏掉了。

  A large block of ice broke away from the main mass.

  一大块冰从主体分离出来。

  We had to break into the house as we had lost the key.

  我们丢了钥匙，只好破门而入。

  At dawn what was left of the Company eventually broke through.

  黎明时分连队残存的士兵终于突围了。

  Sentences break up into clauses.

  句子可分解为子句。

 9．leave out遗漏，省略；不理会，忽视

  leave around/ about乱扔，乱放

  leave alone让……独自呆着；不打扰；更不用说

  leave be不打扰

  leave behind忘了带；遗留，留下；放弃

  leave over剩下

  She left an important detail in her account.

  在她的叙述中漏掉了一个重要细节。

  Children like to leave things about.

  孩子们喜欢乱丢东西。

  What a strange thing that -she and I ever came to meet，let alone to marry.

  我同她会碰在一起已是够奇怪的，更不要说结婚。

  —The baby is crying. 孩子在哭。

  —Leave him be；he will soon stop. 别管他，他一会儿就不哭了。

  It is a fine day；you can leave your raincoat behind.

  天气很好，你可以不带雨衣。

  We will leave this pie over for tomorrow.

  我们把这块馅饼留到明天吃。